For the past two years, online retailer Amazon.com has
dominated the eBook market with its innovative Kindle devices. But
Amazon's biggest eBook innovation—the low cost of
eBooks—might soon be a thing of the past, thanks to Apple's new
iPad device. The reason is that Apple, aping its iTunes Store model,
will allow publishers to dramatically raise prices on eBooks. And Amazon
might have no choice but to raise prices as well.
The
publishing industry has long complained about Amazon's consumer-friendly
pricing practices. Whereas new hardcover books often sell in the $20
range at retail, Amazon wanted to establish its Kindle as the de facto
eBook platform. So, it priced most new eBooks at $9.99, a much more
attractive price that drove book lovers to Amazon's reader. What's
interesting about Amazon's approach is that it actually loses money on
each $9.99 Kindle eBook. That's because, today, publishers sell new
eBooks at the same price to retailers as they do hardcover books.
Amazon's bet was that by establishing a standard, it could later
negotiate with publishers to lower the price. This strategy would
benefit Amazon, of course, but also the millions of readers who
purchased Kindle devices. Apple's entry into the eBook market with
the iPad tablet device and its integrated iBooks eBook reader software
has ruined this opportunity. Utilizing the tiered pricing model it
provides for other content on the iTunes Store, Apple has presented the
world's biggest publishers with a higher price range for eBooks than
Amazon has. And hoping that Apple would be able to defeat Amazon in this
market, virtually all these publishers have jumped on board. The
result is much higher prices to consumers. And these higher prices come
across the board: Higher prices for the device. The
iPad comes in six models that cost from $499 to $829 per unit, compared
with $259 for the Kindle. Amazon also sells a higher-end Kindle DX for
$489, still well below the least expensive iPad. Of course, the iPad is
far more than an eBook reader, but then it should be at those
prices. Higher prices for wireless access to the device's
online bookstore. When consumers purchase a Kindle, Amazon
provides them with free 3G wireless access to the Amazon online store so
that they can purchase content on the go. This access also works
internationally, so travelers can purchase books effortlessly overseas,
albeit at a small per-purchase price. Meanwhile, iPad users must utilize
Wi-Fi, purchase books on PCs, and transfer them via USB, or pay AT&T for
3G wireless, at a cost of $15 to $30 a month. And this 3G connection
won't work internationally (though other carriers will offer similar
plans to customers who purchase iPads in other
countries). Higher prices for books. Although Amazon
pioneered a consumer-friendly $9.99 pricing structure for new books,
Apple is allowing publishers to set their own price, and most have
indicated that they're more interested in a $14.99 starting point for
new books. While Apple was negotiating this coup with the world's
biggest publishers, one of those publishers, Macmillan, demanded that
Amazon raise prices on its Kindle books to match Apple's prices.
Otherwise, Macmillan threatened that it would delay electronic
publication of new Kindle books for several months so that customers
would be forced to buy more expensive hardcover books (or utilize
Apple's iTunes Store). Amazon responded to this threat last week
by temporarily pulling all Macmillan titles from its Kindle store and
Amazon.com website. But on Sunday, the retailer caved, saying
that—in the end—it had to allow Macmillan to set prices if
it wanted to stay competitive with the new Apple entry. "We
have expressed our strong disagreement and the seriousness of our
disagreement by temporarily ceasing the sale of all Macmillan
titles," Amazon wrote in a statement to customers. "We want
you to know that ultimately, however, we will have to capitulate and
accept Macmillan's terms because Macmillan has a monopoly over their own
titles, and we will want to offer them to you even at prices we believe
are needlessly high for e-books." What Macmillan got out of
Amazon was the same deal that the five biggest publishers—Hachette
Book Group, HarperCollins Publishers, Macmillan, Penguin Group, and
Simon & Schuster—got from Apple: New eBooks will sell for at least
$12.99 to $14.99, and the seller (Apple, Amazon) will get a 30 percent
commission. And what consumers will get out of this Apple entry,
of course, is higher prices. Yet another innovation for which we can
thank Steve Jobs, and that's true whether we use a Kindle or an
iPad.
|